Hydroponics for beginners

Hydroponics raises plants in water and nutrients instead of soil. Faster, cleaner and easier to automate — once the basics are in place.

The four systems

  • Deep water culture: roots hang in an aerated nutrient solution. Simple and low cost; suits leafy greens, herbs and larger plants in buckets.
  • Ebb and flow: a tray floods with solution on a timer and drains back to the reservoir. Flexible; suits potted plants and seedlings.
  • Drip: a pump feeds each plant through emitters, with the runoff collected or drained. Scales well; suits larger fruiting plants in media.
  • NFT (nutrient film technique): a thin film of solution runs along channels past the roots. Uses little water; suits lettuce and herbs.

What you need

  • Reservoir
  • Pump
  • Air stone
  • Net pots
  • Media
  • Nutrients
  • pH and EC meter
  • Timer

The weekly routine

  • Check pH and keep it between 5.5 and 6.5.
  • Check EC and adjust it to the plants' stage.
  • Top up the reservoir as the plants drink.
  • Do a full water change every 1–2 weeks.

Common mistakes

  • A warm reservoir.
  • No air stone.
  • Chasing pH every hour.
  • Light leaking into the reservoir.

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